48
33. It has been proved that a dreamer loses all sense of time and timing;
so the fact that Dickens uses this time element in the description
of the dream shows that he was not aware of this fact, though he
intuitively must have understood other notions concerning the dream
that were later proved to be true. I can only draw the conclusion
that Dickens uses this time element because he needed it at that
moment in the chapter.
34. Modern psychoanalists will of course point out that this is a dream
in which falling takes place. This has more often than not a sexual
connotation; it can be argued that David has always felt that Steer-
forth overshadows him, he has an aura of animal masculinity which
David has not. Still, this fact is of minor importance compared
to the important elements that create the mood.
35. As appears from the asterisk used in the Penguin edition I consulted.
36. Freud p. 71
37. Interesting is the fact that Hamlet is mentioned - another immature
young man in English Literature who daydreams more than he acts.
Pip talks of Miss Havisham's Ghost: he sees her more clearly all
the time.
38. Esser p. 177
39. Ruitenbeek p. 252
40. Campbell p. 248
41Hieatt p. Ill
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Charles DickensDAVID COPPERFIELD, London, Oxford University Press, 1960
Charles Dickens, GREAT EXPECTATIONS, London, Penguin Books Ltd 1972
Charles Dickens, THE HOLLY TREE, East Aurora, New York 1903
Charles Dickens, A CHRISTMAS CAROL, Collins, London - Glasgow 1910
Secondary Sources
Aristoteles; DE ANIMA - transl. K. Foster and S. Humphries Routledge
and Kegan Paul, London 1951
Arnold, Max; DIE VERWENDUNG DES TRAUMMOTIVS IN DER ENGLISCHEN DICHTUNG
VAN CHAUCER BIS AUF SHAKESPEARE, H. Fienke, Kiel 1912
Auerbach, E; MIMESIS - The representation of Reality in Western
Literature, transl. W.R. Trask, Princeton University Press, Princeton
New Jersey 1973
